Bengali memoir by Mihir Sengupta

c c@mv (kH)

@Ac

w\/TFOS/Sv@

SF

c^/BfcSf/mpA/AF gK/~AgoS/qA..

Arr/A@r

Books_in_English

Parabaas Moviestore

R S R cp^

ATA S

(j ~w)

|| AS ||

UZUAZ mA c @ Ac j@BS UZ@ H s @ A@a @a,  cp^ cU rK @ s S | Scc T^S w^ZAS ~T S r@ m BfcS ~T@ BfAc @U, T \U gAvn n - cZAB jce q o o AAXow T@T jce AcKcpQ OS @A | jq j@ J@ kH Ag^ o jce AcK ~cUcS @, Tg Ac OAnAv AS Ac w^Av T Q@ jce  AcAo ~@ OS @AaUT | cqAv Ac @S SF UR TkU @ASf  @fS S | o w cFZF AcrKH cq Aw, sXoAcof Ac pA ZS A@a Ag^ AcrKH O @AaUT | cqAv lw @AaUT  wU U jce ~dH U rF | ~dHA ZS BfAc | vS B^Sw @S | cqZS J@ gfKHgc mAr @AaU |  TH AAS ~oT T STwnfS j@BS UZ@ jq i@A mo@ AcrK m ~AgAK @ a p j@ZS n AAaUS | j  @ vAUS jce n ~S@AS J ~T ~UOS OU | ~dHA  ~T swkn AaUS  gkALL@ jce Sf AcrK, ~T  ~wBkUF SfU S rT | J @a o UZUAZ S, @@T gc s ~T H,  @S AT  S | j@BS gSoFf empATf TSK s @@T gc ~SH sw S, SfU AaUS  j@ BU p^ | SS AcZF BS, ASB wJv  ZO @, ~T aq Jr UZU A@S wm @ AAS  coF @S J  | SfU jce J T ~AT sJ mAgAK  Aa, jc J @ A@a cUc | jJ cq ~T kBF jce mA @ |

SfU  ~T T ~U, sk TS  1993-j @S j@v T | kn, ~T T UZ gAvn n cZAB ST@ nASc^Av | Scc ASr Av ZS @r @AaUT Sq ST j@Av ~-TA@f An@ | n ASc^Av ZS@ ST@H AaU ~ @S ~c gAvn n cZAB | An@Av j@Av @A AAaUT SfU ~l SfUS TZoF@ | SfU ZF SpFArA\ cUcU OMof WAS c^ jce J BfcSf@ | j aR J ~ j@v AO U Ar AAF@ Ac | TSKAv SS H ~Ao@f, T OTl@ ^S-@U ASH | ~T ToF ~Ar r@ @ AAO o Sq, ~L ~LfR | s@, SfU @UFH  UZAv cr @@BS Aco cFA wO ~ | SfU J ToF T | oH j@Av UZ, R AOAi jce AOAi ToF AOAi s j@T j@v cF@ AO ~T@ AAO @c,  ~T gcS AaUq S | SfU UZAv ~R i@ AcmpA WvS | cm, j@AvTn TSF UZ ToFT s jv AAOA Ug @ AaUT,  BSF AT@ gc ASBS cFA ~AfT m jce j@BS T rT AcrK \UZswF | UZ@ Ac sv@  Ri ~T Qn c a,  BSF jJ @a ~T H @p mf@q o AroF S | jJ US, d @ cUU, S OMof, dH qS, SfUS TZoF jce SfU | dH qS@ cq ~ chOR OS |  ~T ~SBfT jce j@ Sq An@ ~SFT @ | SfU ~@BS@ UZAv AAaUS | AAS A U@ wTS @aS | m Bw BFAgkKH OA@ ST rSSAS c BSS S, j@T @ sA @S, c AAS  mf c@Tn | A@ J @ Ag^ ~oF cF@ cUc |

SfUR ~@U  | c sq @, jqc ~Lf TSK sZSq Ac SS, v o ~-@U S yUR cv | v @FS o  T AS@ ToF AAS OU wUS | cUAg rK sAS Z @ sq, qU O @ J@ AUA AS sc T  S Ac SRv ~QA@ ~q rK Ac AaU |  AS q vAUS BSUT qASq @U Sv AAS OU waS | avZ O  TSKAv TpF g ~BR ~T@ o @ | A@ wwm c ~w jce wrsF @R AAS ~T@ s @f ~AfT gc l ~SH jce FT BAwaS  US ~B s^ SB ~AS | qAToF, ~l 1993 @ 1996 s^ ~AT AUZ UAaUT,  n-ASc^Av@ m@@ @r @ aR, Ac, AAXow T@T jce AcAo Ac | 1996 j ToFq j c@Av @Ar a jce AcKcpQ UZ d a | SfU AcKcpQ @Av @B cFcm @ AAaUS  av BT MATn@ A | MATnq cqAv a cFcmR @AaU | cHZ @rSf ST cFc @ ASB ZO JOr @A aAaUT | j cF @pAL SfU jce J BT MATn, gU nAv  ~T, @H Proof v ~ATq ZAaUT | ~T j@v pA jq s SfU AcKcpQ j@v Axv-~v  s AaUS jce J dAT ~wB c^ : ArAr S@ AAaUS | SfU BfAc @q ArAr  ~T WAS wb  | AAS jce SfUq T AcKcpQ @ ~AfT ~rcf  ~T@ cqAv  @rS BSF  A @S | 2002 j @S j@v T SfUq ~w, ArAr Tl ~AT cKfS ~oF@ : cf^@T r A^oF sq | J@ @Ar cq R AcKcpQ Umv Axv-~vAv U AAS cUUS, jAv@ jQAS @r @ BS | jq UZ fWBfcf c | cAUr S U ASB ZO aR | - cm J T j@BS cFAL r q ~AT H @R cqAv a ZO Bw @AaUT | jqc @ Zc cAr AS S, c TS  sS @sw A wa  | Ac AcK AE Ac jce @AOAS ~ - ST j@Av U@ c^ j AcK Acr AUZAa | jq ocA@ Av S:@r @UT ~U ~oF |

SfU ~ j@BS TSK@ ~T gAvn OSAv AAaUS | AAS rf AXBS rT | j@  vAUS ~T@ AB @AaUS, ~ rS AXBS rT @S UZ a, J ST BS ? AAS T gAvn  gfKH To | ~T  A ~U Sq, c UZ Aa J | UZ@ jce Tm wA @rS ~Sc@ @B @S | ~T j@ c^ c^ | - cUUT, UZ AAS, c ~AT j@BS AXBS rT@ BST, AsAS cArU Ac. jT @UB cvAS ~oF@ AaUS | T @ J an AaUT | ASB jUT S cI gU @ qSv ATAv  AcS AS gA AaUT |  @UAcgw OU sq |  T @@U ~AT AXBS rT an AaUT |

— @f ~EOs ! AAS A@ T@ Z BSF Zc ~w @r @aS |

— A@ AAS  jr @S S | AAS jr OU ~SAS | J mf AcA ~T mf @ATSf AaUS cArU qT^ @UB |

— AAS ArwAwq jr ~aS, ZS Z c | qAToF T s @v cq cAa, c ~T@ j@ @A @ R | UAU ~T c^, jZS jaS, RJ  Ai c | : rT AXf ~mS ceUr b@ r, sAR AUv BU TSK |

BfcS Z MgwF B co jgcq ZU | ~T  ZU AZ S | BfcS vq cAr @ w @v c ~T TS | Rv@q j@Tn RS Ac TS @A | Ar@U @ jq ~T j@v Tm ~Z | a^ A@a, ~S^, gUc QHAU c  AS:rK  s | :Z ~  ~   sS AOmf TS  | j@Hq @f S R  @ @H ~@H AcK^@q oc TS ASAa ? A@  mALR  rK AcO QAH@L F cJo |

SfU J AcK cq AcK AS @T T AaUS S | avc SS nAn@ c^ ASc^ AcK, gkALL@ wcKH wA A @A@a ASq S  ~UZF pA @AaUS | c ~crFq cF@ i@ c MJaAS | ASB AO wS Z j@ ~Xgk mgc AaU J | ~U A@aAS , ~F^ UBgc j@AS AAS J m@@ @Ar j@Av QfH@ cq ~T@  AAaUS | acp | kOf OS ASrS AaU j@T —

acp — 1
acp — 2
acp — 3
acp — 4 @ acp 7 ~cAo |

ASB  AUZ AAaUS, "FUNo AO@U Y ATA S@"

SfU SrT

28/5/94

Tn 106 p j@Av OAv cq, T rfs ~r@ S Trq j cT An@ ocA@ gc @Ar jce  ~dHA Ar JAn @ cq ~@ | @Tkn S ~U (cTS ~dHOU) @ T rv@ AAS sgc ZAaUS, q TS ~UZF jAv, sAR J gK "Rc j@ ~BwA@ Acr ~AT TI ~cU cU AO^ AABAcAB UZ |  TWTU@ I  c ~AT  OJAT AT Bf |"

 AAS sq cUS, cqZS @r cF s OBS Tf ST R, J c@BSq empA@ TU AgRv | J US, ~dH U, wU U, ~OFS^  jce rf ~r@ S (cT An@ @Ho) | jJ ToF T ASBS  | ~r@ ~Sw @ qBwv@ jZSR ha co @aS S | cqAv  ~T TS AaU, ~AT sA ~T @UTv@ SfU @UT ~Sf @ T c TSFT @TR sA  H ~T c, ~T UZR  UZ cOF  | A@ Qg @ jq s, SfU   ~ JvSAS | J ASBm AcK gkLL c Sf @f UZ a, AAS  AUZq OqS S | cO c Qg jq s, cqZS TSFT OR AS | ~AT j@c Tr cf@ r @AaUT, SfU SrT@ OSS ? — AS  AAaUS, acp 1 acp 2 qFA cqZS a ? — AS cqAv AaUT | AS cUAaUS, R ~ UZ AOl AaU | U@v@ Sf ~ q ZU | @f ^ UZ ! — AFq acp US  S |

~T UZUAZ AcK@ jq AnT SfU gkAT@ @ rK c S | @ Hf jce AcXBS  @UAc  s AAS ~T AO @A AaS ! @fgc s AAS ~T@ J TS U ocS sS  s gKq ZJB S S | ~T gfKH UB ~ ~mAm  | sTS SfU, TSq J swF oATHf TAH cMA, j cU ~T FZ, R cU ~T | ASB@ s @f ~AfT gwFcS cU TS , AUZ cIS sc S | ~T @UT-SAcrf jq m\ A J ~cS @S AT  S | A@ j@q  OT gwF ~T | J erc c QHmfq U | SfU q acp  UZ — FUNo AO@U Y @Av ~T  @q co ~Ao@ F | SfU T sc  cMA OU wUS aU @a w | A@aAS S swsw ZAaUT | A@ OZ ~rS TSK@ co ~@p @ | cAS @S swsw Sq, e ASF SS OA @a ASB@ c^@ Z c @q gU c ~Aa | A OR TSFT TR sA Y c Z !

|| O ||

~T @Uvq ~Xg | v gU S T^,  cT i @ i A S | TSK c ~@CQ Tv S | vq mgAc@ | @H ~@CQ  rK Sq, q c ~ ATvc @f @ ? ~T ~@CQU ~S@q Tv, c  c A | BfcS s c TSK ew ~AT ~@CQ @Aa,  ~S@vq ATva, A@  WvS@U jTS ~T s, qc TSK ZS ~ T Sq | J a ZS kcA@ nTr Uc q OUa | ~U ~AT ~T m OO dvq jTS j@v T @Aa s ASB avR  kcOU S Uc  d @a | jZS sJ a j@ j@ @ AO@UfS ~^@ ATAU sha, J @ gc c AUZ c, TS ha, ~ ! j A ? jq ASq S vAUS cUAaUS, @ L, @ L, L @ L, @B ~a Ti g,  c U Z AAS wUS @q jce @Sq c ?   ASB av@ ~ kcA@ ~Ao@ UAc Z A@ | A@ L @ ~  Ri S | T@Ac eU g ~ "Everything is rotten in Denmark" TS ToF AcrcQ|v@q Denmark cU TS  | ZS j@ AO ~TW AcK^ TkFTS   A@ | AS s | T ~c A@a BfcS ~BS @ | SOl s Q Sq |

A b@ AwAaUT | AwAaUT ~LfAcw Acom TSv@ ZAS@ om @ ~@CQ | A@  rv ~T ~A AT B^gkAT UR, ~T@ TSFTR om @ U S | Acw ca A STof T-F @ jTS om @ Za jce jq BoSf rAv UR jTS a s TS  kmS, ZS QH@U AmAR ~F   s^ k @  S | Ai@ q T j@Av n ToFsT vAUS mf BSUS, BFAgkKH O@f Trq ~B OU wUS |

BFAcc@ ~AT TrTrq @T, J mf@ TAT | AAS ~T AS ~wB TmvTrq AaUS, J mU-BfcS T A@ | J @a BFATrq j @ w\ SAa, SS , AcrK cUFmpA T^S T | A@ ZS J  ~U @ @S  c sw WvAS | AAS  @@ TB @ @f ST AS, @f @f wS @S, @f c a Ov BUA cAS US qFA S S F P@r fH ~T TS @TS sS j@v Acr B^ AwAaU s, ~AT J@ c@U oq AOAS jce AAS ~TR TmvTrq | ZSR ~AT J@ OQKq @AAS sAR | TmvTrq Ac J ~oHL w\ cU T,  @TS sS ~L  S | ~AT ZS F ~T TmvTrq ew a jr jAa | BFATrq SSS HS @ S S, J  ~T U ~ r ArQ@ US @ Aw c TS Z  | @H J ToF jTS j@BSR AaUS S, sJ ToF BFAgkKH O@f T ~c H T ZAa | j@BS@ AaUT, AsAS ~T -U@ ArQ@ | ArQ@ Ac AAS ~crFq OTl@ AaUS, A@  oq ArQ@ Ac | J ToF an ~@KH @ BSF a cJo, wS wR c wRc, Sv@ @c @rU  AaU S |  @Hq  gwF DKA^ co @T | ~T q TmvTrqR AcAg^ AcK ~cUfUnT  S BFATrq j Tq jce s @S rHf, A@ TMUcf c ~SAm @U, ~cf   S S |  @a SAa, j@v  ATrq ~SAS cU q  emp A, TMUcf c ~SAmA @H ~SF  ~cfR AAS ~r A ~S | ~c ~ R SA@ T wAH rZR J ~Aco c ~A  S | jTS j@BS ArQ@ @a ~AT  qAS, jTS @f q TSKAv@ ZSR ZR qAS, j :Z ~T c@U AaU |

~T cR AaUS Zcq empATSm Hf TSK | wS, Sv@, ~cpA, aUZ, FUZ jc sTS S, TAS J Q AaU, ~J@, cJAr cBS jce cA Ar AS jqc AUT R | BFAcc  J cr YF AaU | J BS AOUS ~^ Av Sv@ ~AT ZAaUT T@pG ATrS @UOU qSAmvAvv Qwp | j@Av ST ~TU r jce ~Av a r ~S^ | j ToF A@a a c  A@a BFATrq |  cArgwq BFAcc | ~BR TA^ c cFv TWS w c rkSF @ ? rkSF @ ? jq v@ v@ UqS TS  | b@A kBAHf ~ ZS@ Ar ~B co cq Ar AT  MbL MJaa |  jqc TS @ @ | A@ ZS c@ ~S@c ~SS @R BFATrq TSKAv@ Z sw AS | ~U v s J ~ASha AaU jTS S,  RiAS |

jq c 1963 @ 1967 U @ | ZS ~T c 17 @ 22 | c, BFATrq F MbL  aS, jTS @f BFATrq c c co@Fmq i waS |  sq @, jqc empA@ cF F BSq TSA@ Prrc @ Mw AcK ToFq W  @a | A@ 67 Tv ~AT ~@ml sS Aa^ArKcl | e jqc Ar Mw Ug cF F ~T @S OUF c l AaU S | s cF AaU, R ALL@ Qn ~S@q ArUg OU c infantile disorder cU cF @ @US | ~l ~AT ZS ~F^ wgc TBAcc Bw W @Aa jce empA@ Bw jqc cFU ~T c ~T @a Aw^T cB cF F | cR q | jc TU TS @ BFATrq oR | ZS OfS OTFS ~T OTFS, c@ wf jce AA@e ~ Sv@ c AgST R mv T j@Tn empA@ Acc A | A@ c @ jq ~UZF A@ S cU, jZSq  ~UOS c \UZ qA @Aa | ce BFATrq FcS @q cU s@ |

j@v Za gc UR j@Av @ P@Al A AZ | BFAgkKH O@f@ ~AT jq mpAOH @ZS BFAcc, @ZS, BFATrq, @ZS BFAgkKH O@f jq  STAv oq \UZ @ sAha | ~SF STU AS TF Sq, A@ BFATrq rNAv  ~S@ @S ~rgS c ~Xgk rS  | c P@Al jq s rNAv ~AT SAaUT kBAHf ~ j@Av A@rf TZ | ~R ~S@ gF gFR STAv cFc @ jce STAv ~T cr a^, sAR cf @U sZS ~U AO U, ~AT J@ TrTrq cUq coS @T | T A@ j@c TmvTrqR cUAa | A@ J an S   c,  @v mf AS | TS ~AgTSv c cgc co pA @ ZAaU | jc @ \UZ @S AcrK  Sq | c cU sZS cAa, ZJAvSAv cq cAU S @S |

jr ~ AAr ca  J  ~T TS TAS Ql  | q WvSAv @ ~T Q ~Lre UR ~T@ cU c | ~SF ~S ~S@  ~U @H T, J  AO knAvR ~T gAv n n cZAB ST@ OSAv | SfU, SfUS TZoF ST ~T j@ mcH, ~wBAT c^ T WvAaU c ~AQ  @A jq AO, SfU Anmv m VFv | OSAv gK R AcKcm wn a oSAv BSF BFATrq j Zc a^ AaU Av | UB UB gc AS cUAaUT, s cFAv ~S pA ~@KH @a,  AcK  ~T @S w c fA rS Sq, c @U  gU  |  UZAv gK jce rN AS ~T A@a ccF jce ~UOS J gU UwAaU | cUAaUS, w jce fA @B@T b ZAa |  ~AABSU A@a  S | sJ c @B @aS, J fA,  gCq Z A@a @aS | — BFATrq gK, rN AS @v Ag^ o AO^ R @B @S,  cf @U cw @M@f AS sZS r j ocA@ AUZ d @US, cq ASEOq UQ @ @cS | ~AT ZS J  fAT WAS  iAa | @J@AU c s OUa TI TI | cm ~T  gAvn ncZAB ST@ UZAv BFATrq qFA HfBS pA ~@KH @U, ~AT AAXow T@T OSAv  Aq | BFATrq j Tv ~T ASAT kgAK-TASv | T r, @S UZ@@ UZ  rSc S | T AUUSv j@vS @ sc |  ATBS, cgw qFA | wS cFc @U, @B @ ~w v T @AS o ZUc | s UZ mgAc@ gc ~c, q AUZc | cSRAv v@q @c, sv@ ~Ag  AkH | AA j@T Uc S | — AAv @ A, @T  TS ~a | AB @AaUT, TrTrq, w\, SF AUZ wU @fgc PA @c ASB@ c AUZc ?

— Z, R cF j@v Ag^ mA ToF A s  | AcAg^ av TFwABS AUZAUZ fW@U o  ~ TwB TBWK AUr @U, gK, gc, @\S, ivcv jqc PA  | OAn AScOS @ ~SrfUS @  TSK@ | ~R ~S@ A@aq @  | A@ c cU cIS cF S | c j@v UB @ cAU, T UZ  TS , Rv T Qn S | ~AT cAU @f, c  ToF A sR c co T ~ Sq | Rc AS gc S | ce T mgAc@ Qn, T s ~, q AS @B @ sR |  ToF @R  A@a w\ c SF w i  | S, ~SF A@aq @ | ~U, AcrS XoA, AcK jce gKvq cF | gKv ToFT |

j@Av ^ T AAaUS Trq, — gcwU wS Sa  ?  s B @ ~a S, "B OMW wA,  O^S aA, ~a TwU iS s cA |" j@Av prF, rgS OS@T  j ~-v ATAU Z, Zc @TS Z Z | ~, B OUaS, J K@ ~@, iviT@, BJ@BT@ B TS S U, U@ J@ A@ Zc @S  ? c FJ, a, @T, @T c UOAK  @ cU wU A@ ~c ~SF @ | R gc wU J wS cUaS | AwA-B@ cwA cAS, J T T@ cwASf B ABaS AAS | @AUf kQ ZSAS J AcSF | ZS AAS cwASf cr rFT@ ABaS, cUaS, —

OU cwASf cr
rFT T ~T  OU |
 T Ta ZUq
@Jo S T cJA@ BU
OU cwASf cr —|

@f cUUT A@a cIU ? — sZS cUAaUS ZS cIAaUT Ai@q, A@ ~SH @v U @f S,  ~B ~ @ cU c ? AAS  cU @R cq OU wUS | jTS j@v c wUS, s, OZ BU U wUR U@ JO@ cU Tm @c | ~ ~ATR s J c-Z@ | @JA @S ~U ?

81 @@AU 
@U@ - 29
31. 5. 98
m ATA,

~AT jZS l | A@ c, T@a, @A@ ~ aT ToF |
cq ~Tp — S, S— ~T |

~T @f TS  BS ATA, s WHv S@ ~  AO@U TSK l WH | o SmvFUAB  cI S |
U@ gK TAv H @^ | T AAXow T@Tj, T@T @vR OT@ AU ~T@ | A A@ w^cF ^U@@ cU T@T | ~EOs ST@H !
Y BA — S — TSc BA T jq c  ~T BfcS j@ TW A | ~rfc SR |
BFAgkKH O@f |

[~T j@v @B @ R | s @S j@v c@F@ R ceU ~^ Ov U@gK (~AU@) jce j ceU Ov U@gK BT @ R ] — j ZUv c@F R rN cF ~T cAS OUAaU | TS , jvR ~T@  o mA  AS sR, J j@v XoA | ~T Oq gwFcS ArKF J ~ @ ~a ? A Aa cv, c gw @T a, jTSv cU c S |

SfU ZS W VFvR @ZS @ZS Pci@  | @gc AAS s rZS @A@a,  @S Ac Sq | ~T TSc jAS kH a | sgcq @, ArQ@ Ac  rK @ Aa J@ | S , J   Sq UT | jZSR fA XoA m o S | ~T UZUAZ s -AcdXo @ ~AT TITIq cAU  AaS BFATrq j@v wkb r jce qha s Zcq An AaU, -AcK ^ Sq | ~cR cUAa, jqc mpAOH @ TS ZAS@v s ~LO,  gU Sq | A@  jS sha S |  Tv, S AZ Ac SNcq j r@ TITAI @f rK A@q c | J cw @M@f ZS OUa |  Aq S A@a ASr S | j@AS cUUS, ~ T cArAU qr cU j@v cwAcAo ~a S ? — cUUT, o qr  TU  OUc S, l @O ~a | ~ Rv o cArAU S ~SF cCU ABUAUR @TcAr ~a | j qr @a@Aa q ~a | —  T qr lsv @f@T ? — ~, qr ~A cF@ rN | jX Bwl e S cIS s S cm Sq | — qr ArN @f ? — cUUT, ceU ArN  cF@ SB ~AS j@  s cUUT q a | | A^mSf j@v Aa,  T-QT ^ | rNAv jA | — S, A^mSf rN c S, ceU ArN ZJB | — ZJBAa, A@ qAS | q J TS gAS

j@ vAUS | — @U @U rv ToF S @T @ JOAv cArAU cOS Oq s cF@ OUS Sq | cUUT, rv T c S | coTS wAa ~A | Zc @U cA s  |  BSc | ~A j@v  F AS mpA @OU, Ac@U Sw ZUT 120 @f 121 v TS SSoS rU@, rm, UA@ B a |  cU cUUT |  @ J BS T ASUS | cUUS, cA@U U AR S | jU ~U ~U cwf@H @, rU@, rm, UA@ Ac |  ~T@ jQH s cUU, q @U ToF U bA@ R, AcF j@v UZ c | —  q UZAv O^XfA rU@, rm, UA@ @ jq ArST j@Av av AFn c  jce nT BAS ZU J ST@ e@US w^ ~SFT OS Ac mS  | cqAv ~S^ @r @AaU 2006 j cqTU | BFATrq j  j@T j@v @ s ~T WvAaU,  BSF ASB@ c gwFcS cU TS  | cfAQ j@v ~@CQ pA jgcq AaU | A@ cFv sA ~ ~w Wv ! q a r ~S^ TvR sA Qlv Q S  FQ Wv, UZUAZ Bw  cr ZAS@v ~w j, ~SFgc ASB@ w T |  gU A@a @B @ BSF mAv s  ~S@ cAr ~c  |

 Tq j@AS @ @ cUAaUS, Z, jq cR @f ~AfT ArT @ , TI TI c A^ ~ | qha , @R j@v cA ~A | A@ ~T mf rf j@q gU S,  R A  gC   ~aS | ~AT ~c j@ @R sqS @f S | — @v Ai@, BfcS rK ^ jR ASdXw AcrT c ASAEO ASAEO^ ~^ J ~p AaU S | ZSR ceU j@AT ~S@kUF J WvAS | ~@f @B cU oS AaU Proof Editing jce TA@ n UZUAZ @ A@a BS | cw @M@f- c ZS d a cU A@a ASAT Bw | A@ AcrT Sq | jc @B @R S | j@AS cUUT, ~T cA scS ? — j@ @ AB | A@ TfT  gC s ? cUUT vF@A AS sc | — @Tq cFm U | j@AS @U@ c^ cA  @Av gcU @J@AU wUT | QH BS mSvS , BB c ~aS | @f l BS ! vF@A c cUUS, rS, T gr mvrSv ~w mvrS @f AJA S gC cmv ~cAo sR sc ?

—  sc | A@  @ @f ?

— S, ~k ~cAo vF@A sR TS c@ ha v@ ZO | AJAgC cFv sA jS s  sTS cUUT, — R T TAT AcF  scS | @f w ~Aco c ?

— S —, j@v ~m ~m JvU Ai@  sc |

BFATrq ATSK cU ~AT c ~T T oH Acr @A, sAR @U@ c c cAXoBfAc, @d @d jce J @JO @JO OTO ~AgT jq s, BFAcc SA@ Ai@ A cOF SS |  c | A @Av@ SS TAS SSgc cFZF @aS, @SR |  j@v cFZF ha ce A s: : A: qA |  ~ BFATrq A ~crF SS | J@ @SAS @S @T  @ co @ ZAS | jq cFZFv An A@ @ cFZF, jQn sBF S UR Qn^ c n^ AnrfU, e, ATF S | ~@Av vf@R OU ~a | Av ~ wgf ~c | ZS cU a s A cvq H, j@AvTn K jce  U s J TkZ | jAv@ AcrKHoTf ~-@H cU s  | A@ BFATrq@ A@R U s S | ~T s cU c@f gfKH ALL@ R A@@ A @ sBS k ~cmS @ AS TS @A,  BFATrq@ Ag^@H A TS @ A@ | ZS AHAH S @ OkH ZUq ZwAH S S ce j@Av @^@TU a c r@ cw AS @M@  o cq S | ~T  J AB AF rfU n S @ H TS c Xo q | ZS co Oq ~Sgc ~fA^ ~S^vq cU  | q AAS ~T A |

s@, ~T cA J AS ~  ~T TS j@v A^ j wU | BFATrq j@AS @  cUAaUS, T ~w  PcFcAv BwAv ~T fmS | — PcFcAv w ASTq f Wv cU j@Av AcZF Wv ~a cv, c  @r wTf fsnf BU Sc mS | BFATrq@ cU cUUS, ~  f S | RZS @a Ai @, ~O BS S PcFcAv @S ~T fQn ? RZS s TToF i@ ~S^UU Oncf Trqj cA | — BASS ~c ! J @aq  ~dHA ~l : ~dH U ~T@ Ai AaUS j@ @A Ac J@ R BSF | ~   @f @U ! HT Ac- j@ @A A jAaUT | ASR AaUS cr YAO Uc j@v r@ ~rfcHf hOH @ |  AS @@  vAUS s j@ZS oA ASdA I AAaUS S s ~T ~cm  I cer AScer c T | QT Oq AwAaUT   AS,   b@q AAhaUS S cA | gAwF TAT AaUS, @SnT  AaUT |  ~c j@AS Sq \v :Z @ TS Z k @ AAaUS ~T |  @ cAAv ~TR fmS a | jc A^ @UT jq q A@ j@ Bw jS  Z | j@T  Z cq ~T S | c  @SnTq rUfS c gcF fT AAC S |  AcKv oH ASgrfU  q A AcK @ AcK^ Ac@ Acm ToFT ZJAvSAv, jv Rv T BS  sw Ug BSF | BFATrq ~T jq mgcv cr BSS | J@ @v cU, cUUS, mcv ~T Zcq TS TS, c BS , T fT j@c U, SU ZU @UoAS ~ @ S | T @M@f co AXo c S, — c ~T Zc ~ ha | cAv OS S @f ?

— j@c ASB cA Tq AOAS, UvR  ZJAv U cTScA Tq | TAT ZRS gU |

jA@ TAT OH TF jq mc ZS ~S@v @T A@ | BSq cUUS, OU AAv q sq S @S | PcFcAv mvrS ST ZS A@ AS RS AUT | Zc R Sq, il @ Aw sA cA S q, cAv Ti T sc | a qBS jq cf cpXocpXo ASvR @T ~r @ c S | j @H TS ~r | v ST TAU cwS | BFATrq A@RU@ Bwv A cU ~T A@ AS j@v  wUT | A Trq@ BS s Zc S A cA ~AA AS jAa | gATA BS qAkc AO A@av AaU, c wgf ~U  ~ AaU S | BS BS @T @ ~crF BSS | TToF cMXo-SF A jce fW S ca o c@pA @B @aS | AcXo S cU s cI q | a @AU^ Ae Q @rS @p Tg S @aS,  wU U Trq j sw |  gkAT@Av UR  AwAUS @ QT ~BS @  | @vAU ~U AcZF Acer AAS T dK, sJ@, @MAU@  g @ J Ai@ wAc^UU Oncf Trq q sw qeAB ArQ ~STA A A Am BT @AaUS | jc @ASf J rfTZq rS | c ZS, ~l jq Ql@ T co 86 S @ sS cUAaUS, ~ BFATrq ~Ar ~r r | TB UwAaU sZS BS TSTAS m@ ~AgcS @aS | BSq BS re c a^cXo r@ ~RhaS ~ l STm A STm @aS | ~AT jce ~T j@ WAS c^ BS ~c@  J @ ZAa | ~T c^AvR i@ Oncf cf jce  q @S | c ~T Oq ~S@ av, A@ rS AAo  q R g | jTS AcK R g sZS  wAAcAo Sq | R s @ZS j ,  Rq BS | jce @Svq gg S, cvq wgf |

@c jce U   ATrq j @B@T Z OUAaU | j@v c vAcU R AB Z AaU J A jce AO w^cUf | c ~Skc AccH cU sAhaUS ToF~rfA ~An^ ATrq | kc jce  TfTe, ScFSF, cMXoSF SS  AaU J ~UOS AcKcm, s TSFT ~erR ~T T b@AaU S | b@ @R S | c^Av @ ~U |  ~cUF jJ ew TSK,  i@ Oncf   oTSfR cTS | j@T BFATrq ATrq@ AB @US, BfcS jq s jc @US,  Ao@ jq TB @@ A scS ? — cpXo ZAS@QH OZ c^ @ qUS | gcUT, ASB @a jq r co R jce  cAS | A@ S, r@ sS B k ASQ @ cU iUS AAS, @S, jJ aS | jJ cS @cS jq Ao@ | — cU ~T A@ qA @US | A@ ~AT ASAEO, AAS ~T c^Av@q AcrKgc AOA @ OAaUS AS |  wMc gwf ~^ ~AT c swF AZ S | ATrq Sl gcr ccOSAv cFc @AaUS |

~oAS@ TB cQ|HF^, cQ|HF ~e@, cQ|HFo c J gcA cFA AS SSS TUOS ~T sTS TkZ, TSq ~nTH cH | gf cQ|H ToF sJ @p S jce ASU TAmyrTf moFf,  ~cS jce ASUg sA BfcS @ ~T ~B @AOl mH TSS UUS @A c rXo BSq | TBAcS AcrKH  ~S@ nAvq J ~SwTf ToF ~a, A@ B ca, @f R ~Ao@ @U oS ToF A@ @S U@APKH  ~Acgc WvAS ? S w eQH jce H BSF cerSnAT@ ~SrfUS s EOs j@rHf cQ|H @p AS jce mrkSF  @aS, ~T ~B  U jce wMc gw @ sAha, A@ TAB@ g ~ cHrTf c B @s  J  v OA A Ag^ j@ Acg kOS @ sAha | ZS TA ATaA l @ ha S |

ATrqq cerUA@ ZAa, ocA@gc jq EOF PcA@ AcAv @f ~AfT AS j@  j@ B^ ScA@Av cS @ OUaS | jqc Z S TS , o @i wUwAU jce AS^cq jqc TSK j@v Tn F R AOl S | J TkUFS ~R ~S@ wgf Aw @ BS ~a | ~AT @SnTq cQ|HF^ gO Q Sq | A@ j@AvR gUU OUc S s wv TBAcSF gUT^ T^v AcrK j@ wf TSK R OA A ~SF T @vR @S @B @ S | kQAcO ~Aco gwf Acogwf Oq Zc @T f A@ ?  sAw a Acogwf rHf c BAv PA  @f @ ? jZS @ ha, QT ~Ao@f @ ? ~crFq cQ|H qFA hOcHf | A@ @ J QT Z jce @S ? jc BAvU cF U co ASyA BS |

jqc @ AS AS q cpXo fW ~UOS SAaUT | ATrq j j@Av @ TfTe ~AT ~BR @ AAS | ~O  jA sR Aa S | AAS cUAaUS, dKSnT ~T SOO jqc ~SrfUS @ ~Aa | ~T cer dK BSF @a @ gkAT, cpA qFA  ASAEO^ jqc @B ~LASw @ S | ~B sA ~T@ AS^ r@^ cFcm BSF @A@ O OU  jc @B @fgc @c ? c BSF @f j@q AST c AcAo OU ? AF jce  cq wU @f qSmg c S ?

J ~S@ sAq AsA ~a, ~a @ AcdXo A@ | A@ vq A@ c ? @S pA@Hq @f cer Ai@ ?

j ~UZF jqc @ oS ~UOF S | qBS OfS Sf TSK ZASQH ~U kn o jc cUUT |

m j BFATrq cUUS, ~S@ AS j@v o kH U , T @UFH | ~ @f TSK ! ~T T j@BS ~ @UrfU@ @v T AUS, ~FJ gc AZAS j@c | j@Av @p Tf ! ~ ~AT ? — TS TS cUUT, cv ? U ~TS ~gBS wp oSF @ sJ OUaS, J US ~AT @f ?

wv j@v AS BFATrqj  @vc, jq AO^vq ~w @@v AS ~T@ AB ZAaU |  @a SAa TZ TZ a PA @v J @a AaU sS gBcAB | ~T FwB ~AgABl r jw ca c @q J pA ~@KH @AaU | R@ j@v a AUZ AAaUS j@c OvBUA | ~AgABlR AS j@v AUZ AS AAaU J  | v ~AT ASAS | c BFATrq aAv q @c ~AgABl cUAaU, ~BR TS ~a | aAv A@av cAU —

     B Trq w @US
      @f w !
     BTrq w @US
      @f w !
     BTrq cW TUS
      @f cW !

a, @Ac, wS, Sv@, AcrK @ c sA Ar @p c Ar gwF  BFATrq c Qn j@ j@r  AcrS, ASrS qFA @S | ASB @S ^S AaU S | T gq ^S Ac TSK @aS,   cl Arq ASB @ ASaS | ~AgAB ToF a, @Ac UZ cH Z,  Prrc ASAU gk l AAS AaS | j@BS UZ@ mAc jTS j@BS @p c, A  Hf cFA K@ R gwF @ | ~T sAR Prrc jq MgwF WvAS, c ~AgAB ToF A T Q jce MbL j FQ gc ~AT s J K@  oSF Aa ~F^ @p  @ ~B mH @A |

c ATrq j cA @ cA c @q ~ AaU coF  | ~T T:mU ~U A@, qha @Uq wAvA cFcm @ A S | gfKH Z UwAaU | cUUT, A OUS S | A ~ wU OA\Ur A\Ur ATASv T T Uwc | — S, cq Ai@ ~a  | Rq  ~gFm | — A@ TAT s  ~cm Z ? RS @ c | — TAT cUUS, c U c S | — c i @S T TAT j@v fv R wU | BFATrq J a cUUS, c, ~ TF Sq | TAT @S@T ~Aco S , A@ J @ pA AaU cT | A@ ASBR gfKH cU jce QfHBfcf ! jqc @U jTS A@a cU c \UZ @ AcK S | c @Aa j@H s, j@v STf AT U@ Uq, J SO @ c Itv | ZO ZO,  R ~cR fQH BSFR sS ASB@ f TS  | sS j@T j@v wT c rf c cpA cFv ~T T Z AOl AaU | BFATrq cF jc ~M AaU S |

O BU Zc T A AwAaU | c O^w ksFT@ BUg UrJ j@v, ~ wv@ ATF grf U OTOT Z, O @ OT@ A A SSS ZF w\ |  w\ SUR AZ c | cS ABU U@ | A@ ZS@ mpA cAr AS S | j BU R BUq cUF@Uv @va | @c SA@ J cc S @@ b@ gwF@U @S @ ^r jSAaUS | TSAv SA@ ~ @ZS ABc AS | b@ gwF@U AT^ g cr @@Av AT^ @S  ~ATR ZAa |  ATA  ~U j@ TS c jce ~ j@Av cF, Av AT^ S, cZZAS | ~ !  sS cAm c g Zm ~, c T m S | T ~ m c SA@ jZS ~ BFATrq @U UF ~M S | j@ Trq jce @ASR | c A@S jq ~rAv TSK AO^S, j@U @U gUL T AS X^ csw OfS ScfS @cq |  @f TSK, @f cm, cAcK |

cA ~ ~cSAv wF c @@U BS OAaUT, @f Ta a^ ?

— T qAUr jce rK R |

— ^ AcK ?

— cArU ^ BSF AcZF S | c  qr, TS @O ZFA qASe ZAa cq, T WAvR @ | , cMT  @TS ?

O @T Ta, bJA@-r@-S@U @ sw, TS@O US, U T U  ~\Tn ~TOk — jqc gBFcm | ccA BS@ AS Z cq j@ o ZUT | Trq Ta cAvU @ vv TaU U, c oo TAT U UUS | AwA^ jce ~AT BSq gc | U @f ^ C Zq J AA Ov wU ? cUUT, @f U ? j@v TZ AR Z @US S ? QH AAS U ~ r@ A ZR d @aS | OZ cB AOchaS, A@ BSq OZTZ j@v O A ~g | ~AT d @ Aa S | TaU U @Svq ZcS S ? qAUr  cFcm @Aa | AB @UT ~c | cUUS, R j@v cF ~a,  cIcQH | Uv cr SS @T Uwa | jBSFq co cArU U@ cArgw, crK U Z |

R A ! cF U jq ! Trq j AT@Av TS mf TS TAT QH c Ta @Jv ca, ~U ~U @   U AaS | OZ c^ ~cmq AAS ww c v OUaS ~F^ AQ | qAUr rK U OZ ZUUS, cUUS, j@r ToF j@r | A@ @O@U sw qAUr ZR jq T | cUUT, cArAU RS empA j@Av rU@ ~a, qAUr @O@U A AwAU |

— cMT@ cU, j AS @U S @S SAUr | c ~crFq ZR  Uwc v cAUr | cMT B @ |

— @AcSrS ATAU R @ nAvv ?

— Rv Tf ew ~gF |  ~crFq gF cv, c @SnTq AgBAS pBSrfU @ cUc S |

— ~AS @f j@Hq c aa m@ TUOS @TAv oaS ?

— ~ Ova @S ? cB @vR e T ~a | BS ~aq | —  TZ o, B Aw cUS Sv @a | cUUS, j@v BdA S @ c | esw U, S cUUS, SfUcc, Ta O @T | jU S |

A ~S@  ~aS | A@ @p ASAgTS,  vqvc ~O LL A Zcq @T R s | ~T oH, rm sU  AccH ~a,  c@Av ASs ASC  rm@ BFATrq ~BfcS UAU gcAv co PA @AaUS jce ToF r^ Av oSF AaU | q r^Av@ Trq mS @AaUS ~c q gc O@ ,  U ZF ~ To c H, s U J BfcSAv r c^ ToFR w w @ jAw OUa | jq gcAv@ @S ^KH@fq co  Q @  S | ~crF sJ AF@ cFA@f wfs  @ ZS, J J jq r^ rf ZF gcAv@  fS AccOS @ J@ J TB cF Z OS | jqc @ cUAa j@H s SwA@ m TB@ BFATrq Bfcl@U AcrK TSswf Zc @Tq ZAa |  ToFR sJ J slA@A Hwf AaUS, J eZF jce QT AAo cq e@fH | A @A, c@A A@a U@ J @ A gcUR gcAaUS | SOl AO:Zf, wBB jq TSKAv jce J ~BfcS A R Lf rK ASAU  ~R TT  | ~AT jq OS J ~AfT r@ BfcSsS, AcrK, TAT@ AS   j@@ BfcSsXo @ cmc H A@aq AUT S | @H, sJ jq OS cS, qc :ZmpA JR Y TQH @q OUa jq T, j@Tq ~T Acr | J c BSS | sJ QTrAU R LLR c BS BS co @SAS, J jZS ~ BS A@aTn BS Sq | TAT@ re S @  Sq | AAS cmAc@q, ~QA@ ~ BFATrq A | Trq c AEO^ AaU, sA AAS ~w sS, TAT rK @ @c ? q ~wgw AAS  Aw Trq@ ASAEO^ @v ew TS @AaUS | v @ A Acq @cF  | oTn mf U w gc ~w J@ RS @A  ASB sS | mf j@Tq @S @f S | ~rnT mf  aTn, ~jc EOwATSf |

jq TSKAv AcK j cF@ @ cU ~a s  j@v Tv cq UZ s | jQH ~waU c@c@AS J TSF AOv@R R wU S | ~c gcAa, AUZ Ugq c @f ? J UZq c @BS aS c S ? cB J ASBm UZ @vq c cq  @Ar a ? j j@ ~^ m T | c A@aq AT c TkUF ASoA  cB AST, v Ac | BFATrq ToF sv@ cB Acn cm ~a,  ASC, s cFc @,   @a | AAS ~crF c AS gQTn @SAS | mgcv s cS TS UF | W U  j@ ~oTi ~a | AA^f cpQAvR nfS S | JAnR ~a | e e A@aq ~U Sq | jq c rNf OfS S pAcf@ c-~swF AccOS nTr ~^A haS | j ~T ~ cAr @ gw PScF AB ErS@Uf T lc T  c |

(nTr:)

(c-42, Ac, 2008)

jq UZ ~S @TS UwU ?