"Akash-bhara Surjo taaraa -- A Bengali Essay by Mallika Dhar

~@r-g ks-

TA\U@ o

^ ^F ~@r A@ O To  AwAaU TSK, ~@r @U w Rq s B B Ac^ Ac^ ~U v ~a RqU A@, j r Bw iAaU  TS | q S sw, TSK sZS  A@aq BS S, OAA@ ~S@ g, gfA gcS AW AaU @, ZS @q A@ ~@r scQH @ ~a TSK | ~@r w Rq ~ ^ BUBU  AS c@T w\ OS @AaU ,   TS TS sw @ @\S @AaU @ S aAc | jAUq j@j@Av SQnTU c Constellation | @UdK, AKTU, BeTU, cfHTU, BATU - jTAS @ S SQnTU ! AcAg^ r  ST ~U | c c rq Rq SQnTU AS w\ rK Sq | j@@ r j@@ @T w\ |

sTS o s@ AKTU | Av BU  A PA Acv j@ AB AO T j O | ~T r @\S @ a sS  AK oFS c ~aS | jAv@q ~c gU@ Ac @\S @ a AcAg^ r | sTS S  qAS @ cU a, Ar@f  @ ~a q gU@@ ~  Uha | rf d sZS TU wa  I  ~w C  s, ZS  qAS- TS @ q gU@ Ar@f ~W T sha ~   UU  sha cS  cS |  ~ @ ~@r Z s S,  AS a | A@ ~c c^ SfU@^ ~@r A ~ , SS BfcS AS | BfcS o jqgc AOcTS @, TpF @ AcS @  S | ^ w\ |

jq gU@ Ac @\S @q wf@ ~@Av w\ ~a, A@  w\ Zc eWA@ |

@UdK
q  w\ @ AU OU sq @UdK @a, qeAB j ST Orion | Zc ^ jq SQnTUAv | Ai@ sS oScH  j@ cf O |  @T ASv BU  A PA @Tc^,  @ IUa Us |  @Jo BU  ~ (Betelgeuse), ~  @a ~ BU  cSB ( Rigel) | @UdK cpKAr cpK  Uq cFm | @UdK  ~a  Ar@f @@ | jq Canis Major-TUAvq a  ~@r cO BU  UNo@ (Sirius) |

 ScU
@UdK TUAv cr @@Av SfA@ c ScU (nebula) ~a, T@r oJswF ~ha^ ~U | AcSf cUS s jqc ScU ToF SS  lA ha nTWSfgk jq wF ToF | j@Av ScU, ST Orion nebula , ~a @UdK UsAv TITAI Bw | ~@Av ScU, ST Horsehead nebula , ~a @UdK @Tc^ Bw | jq ScUAv ~A ~EOs O, Ai@ sS j@Av @U C W T Z sha BU  vgkAT  |

BFAAcS@ (Astronomy) cU  pAcf cO S AcS, The Oldest Science | q c S sw @ TSK ~@r Za ~ UQ @a BFAyAU , ~m, BU Zc AST TS OU | @UnT R @ ~ ~ BSa |

~B@ jq ~oAS@ sw TSK  rA-lS F s^ BS a | jq BU^ ks @^ A@ An ToFT ~SwU rA lA  OUa  ~B BSS AcSf | c A@ jZS ~S@ A@a BS cA@  wa | AcrK @  AccS  Zcq ~@KHf j@Av AcK ~B | A@gc  B^, A@gc  Prrc protostar ~cm A, fWAS dHF A, co@F MJaS,  SS@T AcS ToF A Aw  TpF |  cFvq Zc ~@KHf |  rA lA  @^@f esBS c nulear fusion j ToFT | ~l \@ qBS @^@ O  R O B Aw PA  AAUT @^@ ~ s AAUT @^@ g Rq Av qBS @^@ ATAU g O TSF @T, qv@ c sRs g  O rA | jq rA TS ~qSmvqS AcZF Tf@H E=mc^2 @ Rs s, jZS m U Rq c sRs TSF g ~ c U ~U wAcw, s TS ~A TL@, A @ 1,86,000 TqU c  AS UQ A@UATv | c -j jq TL@ TS BSFq ~A TSF g AcS Uq AcU ATH rA Rs s | ~T ks @^ jq Anq rA lA  OUa ~ q ~U R  T@r c pAcf ~rfc T I  pAcf Tm Bfc@ cJAO Za |

A@ AnAv B WvS s S | qBS @^@ m@ Ac@KH @, q Ac@KH @Av j @aq ~S B S, B Rs  k @ | A@ SQn@^ @ O  ~ O Acr, ZS sS ~S@v iU q j @a@Aa ~ ~ B s coF  | ~U Rq @Av Awf G Acr qBS THAU avaAv gS@ c s, ZS   @Ucf Ac@KH cU @Av B s m  | ~ q lA  Acv ATH rA |

T@r nTWSfgk qBS TW @ PA   | sZAS Rq BTv cJo @ wF @^ BSf O R G j s ZSq @^@f esBS d  ~  Ac BU ~ @ q wF | jqgcq j@AS ~T ksR B^ AaU | sAS jq rA lS OU @ AS Av @ Am | A@gc ?  AcU g @ e@AO @ O A O ~  Ag PA Rs rA Ag @ cq A@ O  | jq Ag O ~ cq O sAS TS @ AS  TS re@ A@a Sq |  ASAEO^ ~U R  aA A  | A@ e@v Z  sZS  qBS g A ~ @ | jc Ag O @T s A@ cq @ Ag O TSq @, jq ~cm   Te@v Z  | ~crK j@T @^ Tm qBS AAUT AH  sc  @^

UU-Sc () R
r-cTS (SfO aAc  TIZS)
Rq rA lS T s, A@ ~Q@p cq ZU ZS A@a qBS @ sRs ZS AcAn OU @ | Ag e@OS ~ cq ZU AcmH | jq vUTvU ~cm  Av U Ri, Acv ~@ oH @, UUO  s, j@ cU UU-Sc c red giant | Rq s @UdK TU @ cUAaUT ZS j@Av red giant ~a, @UdK @Jo @a @ ~ c Betelgeuse Av | jAv ~@ Acv, jAv j@Av UU-Sc | cpAEO@ Ar ~a BF c Antares, jAvR j@Av red giant  |

jq UU-Sc ~cm @ SQn MJa r-cTS c (white dwarf) ~cm |  Acv ZU a U ZS  Zc av A@ BU  | jq ~cm ~  ToF @S rA lS OUa S | qU@vS c TH Jc S @ T  W ca j ToF | jq ~cm j@ T@Kf O O sRs @ Q @ AU ~cBS SfA (exclusion principle ) | jq SfA ~Ssf j@Ao@ qUvS j@q wAcw ~ ~cmS   S |

cQ|AST O^rZ
A@ jq wAcw @F j@Av fT ~a, ~U wAcw, c | q sA  g Zc cAr  U jq SfA @ O sRs @ Q @ c S | jq fT ~Acy @S gf AcSf cQ|AST O^rZ | q jq fT Chandrasekhar Limit ST ZF | jq fT U 1.5-Mg | ~l @S  ZU a c  @ sRs g sA 1.5-Mg (~l ks s g  H) cAr  U ~cBS SfA @ Q @ c S T@Kf O O sRs @ |

~U cAr g  BfcS qA j@v ~SF@T | j Zc ~ATcFf, T @q ~S@ cAr cAr qBS B Aw Zc Aq @^ Tm qBS AAUT AH  s |  ~c q AAUT B @ ~ PA @ @ ~Q@p gA TMUAU@ | AUAT, @cS, ~ABS, SqvBS, AAU@S qFA | A@ sq S U PA  ~TAS esBS T s, @H U @^@ B ~ gA TMU PA @ T  R O SQn@^ c S | jq ~cm q Acv  j@ TAcmH gC  | j@ cU -Sg (super nova) | Sg AcmH  s @^f ~erAv  @  WSL  O, jv ToF O O c qU@vS b@ a TH @^, vS  ATU Aw  wa ASvS | jZS oq ASvS jZS, j@ cU  ASvS , j@ T@Kf O O sRs @ Q @ q j@q exclusion principle c jQn jv ASvS  sBF | A@ jZSR q j@q fT, wAcw @F ~U wA, c-j O cAr   S | q sA AcmH cf g ~S@ cAr , U q  nTw T@Kf O WS   rK jTS ~cm MJac s q O WSL BSF ZS @ @S A@aq av c c S, jTSA@ ~TS s fc wA^ ~U R Rq T@Kf BU ~v@  sc, ~U ~  S cU ~T ~ Av@ Z c S, j ST black hole | T@r @U w sZS U @S A@aq ~ A ~ S |

jq NF@ U j@Av ~A ~@KHf wcKH Qn | AcSf cUS s T@K O O e@AO  Av SA@ Ac^ AH  | j@ ~ jTSA@ oH ~AQ@c (general relativity) AR cFZ @ s S | oH ~AQ@c ~Ssf NF@ U-j OAr mS-@U (space time) Zc @JO@ s, A@ j@c @^ sZS oH ~Ssf  cn (space time curvature) j@c ~fT  s, ZS ~ AcF @S BS LLq Zv S | j@ AcSf cUS singularity ~l jTS j@Av Ac^ sZS c LLq gC , @H ~fT eZF AS @B @ @MrU ~T BS Sq |

jq singularity-@ AW j@Av fAT ~er a, s@ cU event horizon c WvS-Aw^ | jq WvS-Aw^ U ~U A PA j@Av wU@, jq ~U AO@U W OUa cp | Ai@ NF@ U-j AH c ~w s ~U av c OAaU q ~U, A@ c AS, T@Kf vS co  W OUa |

jq AcKAv AF Zc BS g | c ZFST AcSf cTS jq AcKAv @B @ OUaS ~ AASq jq AS SS SS A@a S A@a cha | ~AT Zc cAr BAS S ~ AcKAv ~A BAvU q ~ cAr @ sAha S jq cF | ~oF@ AmvS A@e jq AcK wcKH @aS | J A Brief History of Time-cqAv  ~S@q  @cS |

q ~c A sq d, d cUAaUT SQn PA  BTv qBS  @ | A@ jq qBS jU @ @ ?

AcSf cUS TAcr pA AaU j@ TAcmH, s ST Big Bang | jq TAcmH-LL ~Ssf, jq TAcr Tm A@aq SA@ pA a q ~A AcmHAv @ | c T AaU cm@H ~ AE@H j@c ATUATr UwU A@ | AcZF AcSf Weinberg-j gK an undifferentiated soup of matter and radiation | q F A@ AaU O  | ~T oHR ~c S @ cAr AaU q , AcSf Ac @K-vK cUS c AcAUS Awf AaU q  | q O  Acr c cm@HR AaU j@c  TMAU@ ~cm, @s@ ~ UvS Ac | ~ AE@H  cq vS | nT  @T ~ @U ~ j ToF ATUATr gC s @U | q F @ j@T j ~U U, ZS cm@H ~ vS ~U @ cI s UwU |   sZS ~ @T @U ZS jq TMU@HAU m  B Aw PA @ UwU vS, ASvS - qFA c c @H | ZS Zc wT, ZS ASmAl TH PA Rs ~cm ~AS | AcSf cUS T AS ATASv ToFq vS ~ ASvS ~S Ai@  wAaU | jZS jq vS  U oH qBS @^@, gA qBS ~l AvAT ~ AvAvT ASA ~crF ASvSR @ vS  | sq@ Rq  Acr T AS ATASv ToF o qBS ~ AAUTq PA  AaU,  AS-Oer qBS ~ j@ Oer Tn AAUT | A@ ZS R cq o @^@, qU@vS ZS W ~ @AS @^@ Or | ~S@ @U , sZS q ~A AcmH  ~S@ @T ja ZSq @cU PA  U ASmAl TH |

 q qBS-AAUT TW BTv cJo PA U r r @Av a c wFUA | qc wFUA ToF PA U r r @Av  |

~@rw
~T ks  ~@r-w a (Milky Way Galaxy) j@Av AU c ToF ~cAm | ~ q ks@ AW W OUa w ~ w AW w |

AcSf cUS s ~B @ 1500 @Av ca ~w WvAaU q TAcmH |  @ jq TAcr @cUq aA a, wFUA m @ k OU sha AcU cw | TAcr @cUq ~S c  OUa |

A@ A@ ToF aA a ? A@ AaU q TAcmH ~w ? A@ @ WvAaU TAcmH ? qc r  BS S cTS AcS | TAcr cq A@ ~a  cU ~fS, TAcr pA ~w A@ AaU  cU ~fS, A@ @q c eWAv AaU pA R Ai@T BS S ~B@ AcS | c AcSf O @ OUaS, SS SS ~UOS ha,  OUa ~Fl@p kcfH  ~A kcf wFUA, @, U scQH | jq TAcr j@ ~A ~EOs Bw |

A@  OR ~EOs U TSK ASBq | jq Acv TAcr   oAU@H UFR S ! c A@  TS JA@ T Z ~  j@c pATkAv@R | r @  A@ AaU  ~w ? ~c A@ c jq ~AcT HrfU TAcr gAcKFl SQn OA\U sZS j@AS @^@ esBS An pA AaU SS TMU - AUAT, @cS, ~ABS, SqvBS qFA | ~T cq q TMUAU Aq PA | j@ Ac ~T cq SQn ^S-^A |

jq ~EOs TAcr B^ ASa TScH, Ac@Ar a TScTS - ~B q TS r @a - @ @ jq TAcr, A@gc jq TAcr, @S jq TAcr - j @ cAr ~EOs ~ A@   ?

jq UZ ~S @TS UwU ?